In 1980, political tensions from the rule of William R. Americo-Liberians formed into a small elite that held disproportionate political power indigenous Africans were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904. Americo-Liberians promoted religious organizations to set up missions and schools to educate the native populace. Colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo from their inland chiefdoms. The Americo-Liberian settlers did not relate well to the indigenous peoples they encountered, especially those living in the more isolated interior. President William Tubman encouraged economic and political changes that heightened the country's prosperity and international profile Liberia was a founding member of the League of Nations, United Nations, and the Organisation of African Unity. During World War II, Liberia supported the United States war effort against Germany, and in turn received considerable American investment in infrastructure, which aided the country's wealth and development. It was among the few African countries to maintain its sovereignty during the Scramble for Africa. Liberia was the first African republic to proclaim its independence and is Africa's first and oldest modern republic. state of Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence. On January 3, 1848, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy, free-born African American from the U.S. did not recognize until February 5, 1862. Liberia declared independence on July 26, 1847, which the U.S. Gradually developing an " Americo-Liberian" identity, the settlers carried their culture and tradition with them the Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after those of the U.S., while its capital was named after ACS supporter and U.S. Between 1822 and the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, more than 15,000 freed and free-born black people who faced social and legal oppression in the U.S., along with 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to Liberia. Liberia began in the early 19th century as a project of the American Colonization Society (ACS), which believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia. English is the official language, but over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, reflecting the country's ethnic and cultural diversity. It has a population of around 5 million and covers an area of 111,369 square kilometers (43,000 sq mi). It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south and southwest. Liberia ( / l aɪ ˈ b ɪər i ə/ ( listen)), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast.
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